PROGRAMMING LANGUAJES

JAVA

Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, object-oriented programming language that was specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to allow application developers to write the program once and tag it on any device (known as WORA, or "write once, run anywhere"), which means that the code being executed On one platform It does not have to be recompiled to run on another. Java is, as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages ​​in use, applications for the client-web server, with about 10 million users reported.1 2

The Java programming language was originally developed by James Gosling of Sun Microsystems (which was acquired by the company Oracle) and published in 1995 as a fundamental component of the Java platform of Sun Microsystems. Its syntax derives largely from C and C ++, but has fewer low-level utilities than any of them. Java applications are usually compiled a bytecode (Java class) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the architecture of the underlying computer.

B.A.S.I.C.

In computer programming, acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code1, it is a family of high-level programming languages. The original BASIC, Dartmouth BASIC, was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, United States, as a means to facilitate computer programming for students (and teachers) who were not Sciences. Of that, almost all the use of the computers required codify made software to measure, which was restricted to people with training as scientists and mathematicians. BASIC was originally developed as a teaching tool. Language and its variants became widely available on microcomputers in the late 1970s and 1980s. BASIC remains popular today in a handful of highly modified dialects, and in new languages ​​influenced by such BASICs Such as Microsoft Visual Basic or Gambas in GNU / Linux. In 2006, 59% of the developers for the .NET platform used Visual Basic .NET as their only language.

C++

C ++ is a programming language designed in the mid-1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup. The intention of its creation was to extend to the programming language C mechanisms that allow the manipulation of objects. In this sense, from the point of view of the object oriented languages, C ++ is a hybrid language.

Subsequently, generic programming facilities were added, which added to the paradigms of structured programming and object-oriented programming. This is why it is often said that C ++ is a multiparadigma programming language.

Currently there is a standard, called ISO C ++, to which most of the most modern compiler manufacturers have adhered. There are also some interpreters, such as ROOT.

A peculiarity of C ++ is the possibility of redefining the operators, and of being able to create new types that behave as fundamental types.

The name "C ++" was proposed by Rick Mascitti in 1983, when the language was first used outside a scientific laboratory. Previously the name "C with classes" had been used. In C ++, the expression "C ++" means "increment of C" and refers to that C ++ is an extension of C.

PHP

I

s a general-purpose server-side code programming language originally designed for dynamic content web development. It was one of the first server-side programming languages that could be incorporated directly into the HTML document instead of calling an external file that processes the data. The code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module that generates the resulting web page. PHP has evolved so it now also includes a command line interface that can be used in standalone graphics applications. It can be used on most web servers as well as on almost all operating systems and platforms at no cost.

Video for understand the programming languajes

THE PROGRAMMING

CONCEPT

Computer programming or algorithmic programming, shortened as programming, is the process of designing, coding, debugging and maintaining the source code of computer programs. The source code is written in a programming language. The purpose of programming is to create programs that exhibit desired behavior. The process of writing code frequently requires knowledge in several different areas, in addition to the domain of the language to be used, specialized algorithms and formal logic. Programming does not necessarily involve other tasks such as the analysis and design of the application (but the design of the code), although they are usually fused in the development of small applications.

HISTORY
To create a program, and have the computer interpret it and execute the instructions written on it, it must be written in a programming language. In its beginnings the computers interpreted only instructions in a specific language, of the lower level, known like machine code, being this one too complicated to program. In fact it only consists of strings of numbers 1 and 0 (binary system). To facilitate programming, the first scientists, who worked in the area, decided to replace the instructions, sequences of ones and zeros, by words or abbreviations from English; Codified them and created a language of higher level, which is known as Assembly or assembly language. For example, to add you could use the letter A of the English word add (sum). Actually writing in assembly language is basically the same as doing it in machine language, but the letters and words are rather easier to remember and understand than sequences of binary numbers. As the complexity of the tasks performed by the computers increased, it became necessary to have a simple method to program. Then, high-level languages ​​were created. While a task as trivial as multiplying two numbers may require a set of instructions in assembly language, in a high level language will suffice with only one. Once you finish writing a program, either in assembler or in some high-level languages, it is necessary to compile it, that is, to translate it completely into machine language.1 It will eventually be necessary another phase commonly called link or link, during which They append to the code, generated during the compilation, the necessary resources of some library. In some programming languages, the compilation and linking process may not be required because they can work in interpreter mode. This modality of work is equivalent but instruction is carried out by instruction, as the program is executed.

James Gosling - Considered the father of JAVA

THE COMPUTER

HISTORY 

The man faced with the need to create a machine that does the repetitive and arduous tasks, created different equipment, such as pascal with his calculator that worked with gears. It is said that the first tool was the Abacus, but we had the Quipu. In the United States Census began the revolution of the machines created the first machine that worked with perforated cards, then they created machines that were the size of a large room that to do any mathematical calculation it was necessary a group of engineers to make the changes Respective then the new advances appear and the computers begin to evolve talking about them as the first generation, second, third, fourth, fifth generation is where we are now. When we talk about 286,486,586, pentium I, pentium II, pentium III, pentium IV, and the current demonized CORE refers to the evolution of the microprocessor.

CLASSIFICATION

SUPERCOMPUTER

A supercomputer is the most powerful computer available at any given time. These machines are built to process huge amounts of information very quickly. Supercomputers can cost from $ 10 million to $ 30 million, and consume enough power to power 100 homes.

MACROCOMPUTERS

The largest computer in common use is the macrocomputer. The mainframe is designed to handle large amounts of input, output and storage.

MINICOMPUTERS

The best way to explain the capabilities of a minicomputer is by saying that they are somewhere between those of a macrocomputer or mainframe and those of personal computers. Like macrocomputers, minicomputers can handle a much larger number of inputs and outputs than a personal computer. Although some minis are designed for a single user, many can handle dozens or even hundreds of terminals.

WORK STATIONS

Among minicomputers and microcomputers (in terms of processing power) there is a class of computers known as workstations. A workstation looks like a personal computer and is usually used by one person, just like a computer. Although the workstations are more powerful than the average personal computer. The workstations have a big difference with their premiums microcomputers in two main areas. Internally, workstations are built differently than microcomputers. They are generally based on another CPU design philosophy called a computation processor with a reduced set of instructions (RISC), which results in faster processing of instructions.

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Small computers commonly found in offices, classrooms, and homes. Personal computers come in all shapes and sizes. Desktop Models The most common personal computer style is also the one that was introduced first: the desktop model. Notebook computers Notebook computers, as the name implies, approximate the form of an agenda. Laptops are the predecessors of notebook computers and are slightly larger than these. Digital Personal Assistants Digital personal assistants (PDAs) are the smallest laptops. PDAs, also sometimes called palmtops, are much less powerful than notebook and desktop models. They are generally used for special applications, such as creating small spreadsheets, displaying important phone numbers and addresses, or keeping track of dates and schedules. Many can connect to larger computers to exchange data.

         

       

History Of The Computer(VIDEO)

CONCEPT OF THE COMPUTING AND INFORMATION

It refers to the scientific study developed on automated information management systems, which is carried out through tools designed for that purpose. It is in this way that concepts such as PC, Technology, Internet and Computing appear, which are linked together in the framework of information processing and mobility. Computer science is a very deep area of ​​analysis, having its origins in 1920, when "computation" referred to the calculations generated by the person himself. Then, with the arrival of the PCs, the history and meaning of this concept would be expanded on new horizons, distinguishing the algorithms that are part of the development of solutions. In short, "computation" implies the orders and solutions dictated in a machine, including the analysis of the factors involved in this process, within which the programming languages ​​appear. In this way, tasks are automated, generating concrete data in an orderly way.

ORIGIN

Informatics is a term that was invented by Phillipe Dreyfus in France in 1962 and accepted by the French Academa in 1966. In Spain he accepted it in 1968. This term comes from the French word.

Phillipe Dreyfus (1925)

The dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy is defined as, set of scientific and technical knowledge that make possible the automatic treatment of information by means of computers.

Conceptually, it can be understood as that discipline in charge of the study of methods, processes, techniques, developments of computers in order to store, process and transmit information and data in digital format.

RELATIONSHIP WITH COMPUTER SCIENCE

In computing the fundamentals of computer science, programming and methodologies for software development, computer architecture, data networks (such as the Internet), artificial intelligence and certain issues related to electronics converge. It can be understood by computing the union of all this set of disciplines.

OTHER DEFINITION

It refers to the automatic processing of information through electronic devices and computer systems. Computer systems must be able to perform three basic tasks: entry (gathering of information), processing and output (transmission of results). The set of these three tasks is known as the algorithm. Informatics brings together many of the techniques that man has developed with the aim of enhancing his capacities of thought, memory and communication. Its area of ​​application has no limits: IT is used in business management, information storage, process control, communications in transport, medicine and many other sectors. Computer science also covers the major foundations of computer science, such as programming for software development, architecture of computers and hardware networks such as the internet and artificial intelligence. It even applies in various electronics subjects.